Raw wool is wool that comes straight from a sheep and is also known as "greasy wool" or "wool in the grease". It's coated with a waterproof and dirtproof wax called lanolin, and also contains the sheep's dead skin, sweat, pesticides, and vegetable matter. Before wool can be used for commercial purposes, it needs to be scoured, which is a process that cleans the wool.
Here are some other things to know about wool:
Quality
The quality of wool depends on the ratio of thicker, stiffer sheep hair to finer wool fibers. The best wool comes from the neck and under arms of lambs, and from pashmina goats.
Wool-on-wool vs wool-on-cotton
Wool-on-wool carpets are often made by nomadic or tribal people, while wool-on-cotton carpets are often made by town weavers. Wool-on-cotton carpets are heavier and have more intricate designs than wool-on-wool carpets.
Carding
Carding is a process that aligns the wool fibers in the same direction. It can be done with a pair of cards or a carding machine.